It was first introduced into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh in the year 1961. Graphological Features Foregrounding is one predominant feature used in this paragraph by the speaker which is realized through a particular lexical item. Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. Certain characteristic use of words may help us to identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on. adjectives are some of the most common stylistic devices used in the world. In literary stylistics one goes ahead to give additional information that will assist in understanding the text. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. All these problems put together, inform the researchers desire for this study with the title: The Device of Graphology in Joe Ushies Poetry: Stylistic and Pedagogical Implications. It views graphology as the inference of character from a persons handwriting. language. contribute the totality of stylistic construction It will follow these steps: firstly, students will acquire the knowledge that leads them to comprehend the basic grammatical and rhetoric concepts. Therefore, we have basically , two types of stylistics: literary and linguistic stylistics. 2.1.10 Punctuation <> In this instance, certain words are foregrounded or brought to the fore to give them prominence through the use of such punctuation marks 5.1 Summary The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. A detailed explanation of the model is provided afterwards. Such rules as (Isidore, 2010) observes, will cover the lexical, grammatical, figures of speech, context and cohesion categories; it describes the elements of language used in conveying a certain subject matter. It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. Person deixis: These are used to point things and 2.4 Review of Related Literature. Linguistic stylistics does not deny the fact that intuition plays a major role in textual interpretation; neither does it prevent an analyst from expressing his intuition in the analysis. In this article stylisticsanalysis of deviation . Deviation may occur at any level of language description. (doeniadevi.wordpress.com) Share Improve this answer Follow occurrences may help in developing the understanding of Also called handwriting analysis. reader.RANK FREQUENCY WORD What does "spinning upon the shoals" mean? and about what is done, what is going to be There are numerous types of stylistic devices available, each with a distinct goal: to add interest, clarity, and visual appeal to a text. The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. For Samuel Wesley, it is a dress of thought. (Harris, 1995) Graphologists note such elements as the size of individual letters and the degree and regularity of slanting, ornamentation, angularity, and curvature. Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Nuevo presentacin de microsoft power point, readingandwritingskills-171211141506.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, Technological University of the Philippines, LESSON 1-HEALTH RELATED FITNESS-WEEK 1.pptx, bias-and-prejudice1-221121003535-0ece477d.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, JULIUS PAULO is taken for granted in discourse. 2.1.4.3 Literary Linguistic Stylistics Punctuation marks - italics, - capital letters, - underlining foregrounding . i&^,X_\g p})gqx 2M+s58F {K8`vs-lnz6nw07+UVruNst]uFX Y~O:h dA}}pag$V9l]\ua^;#LIp@o_;B/Op _Q3$N .Xu@}jB:;}ui!L8 3>`a%H4FR2[SrT=^:IZT?l^*68{1i 4w0UY3zDar1L `5 ]#wI'j0c-rg{ stylistics as a branch of linguistics therefore analyzes how speakers/writers created text as well as how effect is made or achieved. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of language is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the human species. Since stylistic study depends on the use of linguistic levels and features, it is useful to look for the relationship between stylistics and other disciplines. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. It involves Wales (2001) has attempted a seemingly clearest and most complete definition of graphology so far, since it clarifies its meaning and incorporated many other features beyond the letters of alphabet, for example: punctuation and spacing. In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. The Costume Institute describes the spring 2023 exhibition as an exploration of "the work of Karl Lagerfeld. 1.1 Background to the Study speech, clauses and phrases used in writing. 3) To identify the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. conversations. Apart from proposing a model of categorization of the graphological devices for the stylistic analysis of texts, the major purpose of the study is to carry out a graphological analysis of Joe Ushies poetry. Style refers to the language conventions used to construct the authors identity and intentions. A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVELGraphology deals with the features that adorn pattern of writing which creates or produces an outstanding linguistic effect to the study of how writers pattern particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. time, till, then, soon The second however, is the analysis of a literary text via both means provided by linguistic or literary studies. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. % are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. resources as they are used in a given Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? Required fields are marked *. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. 2.3.3 Phonological Features. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. Accordingly, Levenston (1992) criticizes the lack of critical approaches to the study of graphology and proposes four major schemes within the graphic representation of language. General Manager at Sweetbites Manufacturing. Graphological features of scientific language - It makes frequent use of diagrams, figures, graphs, charts, maps, tables, etc. repetition, consonance, assonance etc. Example of phonological devices include: alliteration, assonance, consonance and phonaesthesia. 2.3.2 Graphological Features. He further opines that the critic should be able to draw a distinction between the two types of context: linguistic and non-linguistic context. Stylistic analysis at the graphological level is concerned with the visual devices such as indentation, capitalization, texts layout (lineation), italicization, punctuation, spelling, graphological features in a text has some semantic and stylistic implications. Stylistics, in short, is an attempt to put criticism on a scientific basis. 2 Style and the Scope of Stylistics The concept of style has a wide currency since it is applied to various spheres of human activity characteristic of an individual (to have a personal style), a distinct personality (the style of Hemingway), periods (the baroque style), individual tone adopted in conversation (a patronizing style), mode of tradition (to live in style), living, fashion, etc. us chance to create a complex It can refer to the study of proper use of words or language in proper places. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. OR is this foresight part of the graphological deviation, or am I missing a crucial element here? Furthermore, Enkvist (1973: 92) observes that linguistic stylistics differs from literary criticism where brilliant intuitions and elegant, often metaphoric, verbalizations of subjective responses are at a premium. i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination knowledge and physical context of the intonation and their relation to rhythm. What do you call the "narrator" of lyric poem? Time factor-The choice of vocabulary is highly dictated and effected by the period in which the particular text us produced. The present study presents a modification arising from the previously proposed models in the study of graphological elements, the example of Lennards (2005) and Levenstons (1992). The graphological features must please the eye. Generally speaking, both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism are concerned with the quest for matter and manner in a literary work of art. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the . 4 0 obj There is a gap between the octave and sestet of the sonnet. However, the word style in its most general sense of a way of doing things is used in multiple contexts. Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. However, Lennards (2005) proposal differs from that Levenstons (1992) in its aim and scope. Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. language and also describes formal rules Through stylistics we learn to analyze speaking and writing habits. More remarkably, none of Ushies collections has been studied at the level of dissertation, yet, Ushie is a renowned poet whose beautifully complex sentence types and structures, intelligent lexical and graphological foregrounding cannot be overemphasis. As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. In spite of such common factor existing between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism, one finds that there lies a difference in their modus operandi, and consequently a difference in their evaluations. meaning in a piece of text spoken or Where might I find a copy of the 1983 RPG "Other Suns"? Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. 5. Publish an article about your business, startup, school, product launch or event on Kenyayote. Lexicon in advertisements is special in that some words are shortened in a readable way to allure the public. These are regular features of his poem. of each language It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so The primary focus here is foregrounding. This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that embodies the study of graphic features of the language. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. Thus, if one says some sounds are similar or dissimilar, one must provide the textual or linguistic evidence. understood without the knowledge of context and Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. written. The complex developments within literary criticism over the last 20 years have affected the interplay between literature, language and language education in the language classroom. The appropriate lexical choices should make it vivid, personal, friendly and persuasive. the invisible meanings in a text. context based study including linguistic Secondly, the study provides the students with an overwhelming sensitivity with language use thus, revealing the writers conscious attempt at deviating from the linguistic norm; and also enhancing their in-depth and critical understanding as well as appreciation of texts. According to (Eva, 2015), the scale is organized from the more rudimentary elements the letterforms that punctuate the blank space in a page to the more complex ones the creation of a book as a complete unit of punctuation. 5.2 Conclusions 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level It has been chosen to parallel phonology, and the term includes orthography, punctuation, and anything else that is concerned with showing how a language uses its graphic resources to carry its grammatical and lexical patterns (Halliday et al. 2. Spelling, lexical features A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. of Department of English, University of Uyo, Ekemini Essien of Federal University of Science and Technology, Akure and Dan, Abasiono Godwin of Department of English, University of Ibadan; relatives: Mfiokma Nelson, Uncle Flow, Ukpeme John et alia and my students on whose shoulders I stood while the research lasted. This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). Literary stylistics is sometimes referred to Literary Criticism. Stanley E. Fishs article What is Stylistics and why are they Saying such Terrible Things about it? in Essays in Modern Stylistics (1981) says: Stylistics was born of a reaction to the subjectivity and imprecision of literary studies. Ehrlich, (1990) informs us that the tradition at the inception of the evolution of modern linguistics was for analysts to confine the analysis of a text to the sentence domain of which was, then, regarded as the largest unit with an inherent structure. This approach lays emphasis on the description of the formal pattern in a text using a linguistic basis. The use of the word may be unfamiliar. Put simply, Graphology is the study of language in print. us to find out the hidden meanings to be The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. Deviation on the other hand happens to be the sharpest way through which a writer foregrounds his intention and achieves aesthetics. Moreover, the role of quantification depends on how necessary it is to prove ones point intuition has a respectable place both in linguistics and criticism. The identified problems put together, informed the desire for this research. The primary focus here is foregrounding. 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) endobj Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. This was before Lennards proposal emerged. Deixis -these, Do not sell or share my personal information. For Khan and Jabeen (2015:128), the aim is to analyze the internal structure of sentences in a language and the way they function in sequences, clauses, phrases, words, nouns, verbs etc. Leech (1969:39) notes that graphology transcends orthography as it refers to the whole writing system. As a result of this, Levenston (1992) further solicits more attention for graphological elements and though his book is of less theoretical density (Eva, 2015), it became vital since it appeared the only comprehensive approach to the role of graphology in literature. However, the ultimate notion of morphology is the transposition of words. Moving out 6. The importance of graphology in a text is to capture the eye of the reader. It is used in order to catch the attention of the audience instantly. clearly in tandem with Campsalls (2008) observation that graphological features of a text determine subtle and This research comes under the purview of stylistics. This video lecture discusses the Graphological Level of Language in Stylistic Analysis of English Literature. poem. Elision, alliteration, liaison Eg. Read more about our Privacy and Cookie Policy. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics, Product oriented syllabus and process oriented syllsbus. Quotations language in order to know about the patterns, utterance of different words PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. The use of octaves and sextets refers to rhyme scheme and poetic metre : Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! context, thematic context, pre-existing 2.1.5 Between Stylistic Analysis and Literary Criticism: A Conceptual Separation While Anagbogu et al (2010:33) define stylistics as the application of the knowledge of linguistics to literary appreciation, Leech (2008:1) defines it as the linguistic study of literary texts. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? (7) Stylistics: Stylistics is an independent genre of linguistics that studies the styles and peculiarities of a written or spoken text. Examples of person deixis are : Whose, her, his Our choice of words is however unique. Here, the syntactic functions of different parts of speech will be analysed. Based on the statement of the problem stated above, the research examines the following questions in order to achieve the purpose of this study: 1) What are the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? This confusion with vague meaning may be due to its double filiation, i.e graphology as it concerns the study of writing systems, and as it also concerns character analysis based on handwriting. Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. 2. or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. Stylistics hardly develops a theory of its own; instead, it relies so much on theories developed from other disciplines such as literature, photography, psychology, history and a lot more others. 2.2.1 Joe Ushie as an African Poet and his Thematic Concerns Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features Lexical repetition, words are repeated in which synonyms or near-synonyms may be used. One may also ask, what is graphological translation? By definition, deviation is the conscious attempt of flouting the linguistic norms for the purpose of foregrounding, revealing or defining the writers style or peculiarities.