By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Sorry, an error occurred. Grouping modifiers can only be used for comparison and arithmetic. In both cases, if the destination label doesnt exist, then a new one is created. You can find some examples of it here: Query Frontend | Grafana Loki documentation Do note that pull mode is generally recommended. Signature: min(a interface{}, i interface{}) int64. Now that the data in JSON is turned into log tags we can naturally use these tags to filter log data. label matchers (label matchers) are your first line of defense and are the best way to dramatically reduce the number of logs you search (for example, from 100TB to 1TB). Parses a formatted string and returns the time value it represents using the local timezone of the server running Loki. I will try. They cannot start with a digit.). ~). matches the regular expression regex against the label src_label. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Loki Ruler not sending alerts to alert Manager, How to visualize Loki JSON logs in Grafana. Learn more about Teams not all queries will have line and label filters. What did you expect to happen? Loki supports two types of range vector aggregations: log range aggregations and unwrapped range aggregations. Signature: trunc(count int,value string) string, Signature: substr(start int,end int,value string) string. For example, for the query {job="varlogs"}|json|drop __error__, with below log line, For the query {job="varlogs"}|json|drop level, path, app=~"some-api. Downloads. Lower this limit if your browser is sluggish when displaying logs in Explore. It takes a single string parameter | line_format "{{.label_name}}", which is the template format. If the conversion of the tag value fails, the log line is not filtered and a __error__ tag is added. Note: If you use Grafana Cloud, you can request modifications to this feature by opening a support ticket in the Cloud Portal. The Loki query editor helps you create log and metric queries that use Loki's query language, LogQL. Line filter expressions have support matching IP addresses. LogQL shares the range vector concept of Prometheus. use LogQL syntax wisely to dramatically improve query efficiency. For example, using | unpack with the log line: extracts the container and pod labels; it sets original log message as the new log line. For example, using the | unpack parser, you can get tags as follows. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software A log range aggregation is a query followed by a duration. within the last minutes per host for the MySQL job, Filters are applied sequentially. =~: regex matches. If the regular expression doesnt match, Use dynamic tags with caution. Returns the number of nanoseconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 UTC. This indents each line contained in the .query by four (4) spaces. Signature: repeat(c int,value string) string. We would like to use Loki to search logs up to 7 days and after that it . To extract the method and the path of this logfmt log line. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. *"} You should note that at present a stream selector is always required for querying logs. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. They can be referenced using they label name prefixed by a . You can use double-quoted strings or backquotes {{.label_name}} for templates to avoid escaping special characters. Of the log lines identified with the stream selector, This function performs simple string replacement. A Log Stream Selector determines how many logs will be searched for. followed by text or a regular expression. For multi-row LogQL queries, you can use # to exclude whole or partial rows. as it only does further processing when a line matches. A label name can only appear once in each expression, which means that | label_format foo=bar,foo="new" is not allowed, but you can use two expressions to achieve the desired effect, such as | label_format foo=bar | label_format foo="new" . Signature: minf(a interface{}, i interface{}) float64, Returns the greatest float value greater than or equal to input value, Returns the greatest float value less than or equal to input value. If we wish to match only the contents of msg=", we can use the following expression to do so. *"} doesn't work for me. Sets the upper limit for the number of log lines returned by Loki. Use loki for log archiving. Sorry, an error occurred. Like PromQL, LogQL supports a subset of built-in aggregation operators that can be used to aggregate the element of a single vector, resulting in a new vector of fewer elements but with aggregated values: The aggregation operators can either be used to aggregate over all label values or a set of distinct label values by including a without or a by clause: parameter is required when using topk and bottomk. This should be clearly stated in examples and documentation: In Grafana 7, you have the transformations tab, select "Labels to Fields . For example, | logfmt host, fwd_ip="fwd" will extract the labels host and fwd from the following log line: The pattern parser allows the explicit extraction of fields from log lines by defining a pattern expression (| pattern ""). Loki derived fields and correlation between logs and traces Grafana Loki balbersmann March 17, 2021, 8:43am #1 Hello, I want to correlate my Loki logs with my traces from Zipkin or Jaeger. by level: Get the rate of HTTP GET requests to the /home endpoint for NGINX logs by region: Sorry, an error occurred. All of the following expressions are equivalent: By default, multiple predicates are prioritized from right to left. The nindent function is the same as the indent function, but prepends a new line to the beginning of the string. The renaming form dst=src will drop the src label after remapping it to the dst label. line_format also supports math functions. Any other queries to help debug would be appreciated! character does not match newlines by default. A metric conversion for a label may fail. # A trusted profile will be used for authenticating with COS. We can either pass # the trusted profile name or trusted profile ID along with the compute resource token file. and is followed by 1 or more word characters. This means that all the following expressions are equivalent: The precedence for evaluation of multiple predicates is left to right. Each line filter expression has a filter operator Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. = are filter operators that support the following. Due to the design of Loki, all LogQL queries must contain a Log Stream selector. The pattern parser allows fields to be extracted explicitly from log lines by defining a pattern expression (| pattern "") that matches the structure of the log line. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software --> Fixes #25205 **Special notes for your reviewer**: Log stream selectors are written by wrapping key-value pairs in a pair of curly brackets, e.g. For example if you collect a stream named host for all your incoming logs you'd query for: You should note that at present a stream selector is always required for querying logs. The logfmt parser produces the duration and status_code labels, Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. The filter operators can be chained and will filter expressions in order, and the resulting log lines must satisfy each filter. A pattern expression is composed of captures and literals. ~, regular expressions with Golangs RE2 syntax can be used. vector1 or vector2 results in a vector that contains all original elements (label sets + values) of vector1 and additionally all elements of vector2 which do not have matching label sets in vector1. From the Queries I've been executing nothing is returned. How about saving the world? by and without are only used to group the input vector. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software After writing in the log stream selector, the resulting log data set can be further filtered using a search expression, which can be text or a regular expression, e.g. If the conversion of the label value fails, the log line is not filtered and an __error__ label is added. The indent function indents every line in a given string to the specified indent width. I'm quite clear on what you want, but if you want to be alerted whenever a new log line appears for this stream, you might consider defining an alert expression like count_over_time ( {service="xxx", level="ERROR"} [1m]) > 0 aardvarkx1 October 12, 2021, 1:10pm 5 Ok, thank you. Example of a query to print a - if the http_request_headers_x_forwarded_for label is empty: Counts occurrences of the regex (regex) in (src). then the timeseries is returned unchanged. try to use static labels, the overhead is smaller, usually logs are injected into labels before they are sent to Loki, the recommended static labels contain. as label_format; all expressions must be quoted. Use this function to convert to lower case. LogQL uses labels and operators for filtering. To extract the method and the path, I created on my local pc, a Grafana container via Docker, with the help of docker-compose example from the Grafana official site: version: "3" networks: loki: services: loki: im. Also you may be able to get QF to work by just adding either frontend_address or downstream_url to the config, but I don't personally deploy in monolithic mode, so I can't say for certain. The results are grouped by parent path. Use this function to trim just the prefix from a string. The trim function removes space from either side of a string. Can contain only one capture group. with (?i). {container="query-frontend",namespace="loki-dev"} |= "metrics.go" | logfmt | duration > 10s and throughput_mb < 500, POST /api/prom/api/v1/query_range (200) 1.5s, 0.191.12.2 - - [10/Jun/2021:09:14:29 +0000] "GET /api/plugins/versioncheck HTTP/1.1" 200 2 "-" "Go-http-client/2.0" "13.76.247.102, 34.120.177.193" "TLSv1.2" "US" "", - - <_> " <_>" <_> "" <_>, level=debug ts=2021-06-10T09:24:13.472094048Z caller=logging.go:66 traceID=0568b66ad2d9294c msg="POST /loki/api/v1/push (204) 16.652862ms", <_> msg=" () ", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb and method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb | method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb,method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or size == 20kb method!~"2..", | duration >= 20ms or method="GET" and size <= 20KB, | ((duration >= 20ms or method="GET") and size <= 20KB), | duration >= 20ms or (method="GET" and size <= 20KB), {container="frontend"} | logfmt | line_format "{{.query}} {{.duration}}", rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])), count_over_time({filename="/var/log/message"} |~ "oom_kill_process" [5m])), sum(rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])) by (pod), topk(5,sum(rate({filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"}[5m])) by (pod))), sum(rate({app="foo", level="error"}[1m])) / sum(rate({app="foo"}[1m])), rate({app=~"foo|bar"}[1m]) and rate({app="bar"}[1m]), count_over_time({app="foo", level="error"}[5m]) > 10, {app="foo"} # anything that comes after will not be interpreted in your query, "This is a debug message. Unify your data with Grafana plugins: Datadog, Splunk, MongoDB, and more. Optionally, the log stream selector can be followed by a log pipeline. They evaluate to another literal that is the result of the operator applied to both scalar operands (1 + 1 = 2). $2 with the second etc. Each expression is executed in left to right sequence for each log line. Usually we do a comparison of thresholds after using interval vector calculations, which is useful for alerting, e.g. All labels are injected variables into the template and are available to use with the {{.label_name}} notation. The log stream selector determines which log streams should be included in your query results. Signature: unixEpoch(date time.Time) string. These logical/set binary operators are only defined between two vectors: vector1 and vector2 results in a vector consisting of the elements of vector1 for which there are elements in vector2 with exactly matching label sets. If an expression filters out a log line, the pipeline will stop processing the current log line and start processing the next log line. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. . dst="{{.status}} {{.query}}", in which case the dst tag value will be replaced by the Golang template execution result, which is the same template engine as the | line_format expression, which means that the tag can be used as a variable, or the same function list. For example, to calculate the qps of nginx and group it by pod. For example, select pod and then select the loki-grafana pod to query all logs from this specific pod. Content Discovery initiative April 13 update: Related questions using a Review our technical responses for the 2023 Developer Survey, Start and end parameters in query label_values (filename) loki, Collecting logs with fluentbit to loki - Indexing custom labels. Unlike the logfmt and json, which extract implicitly all values and takes no parameters, the regexp parser takes a single parameter | regexp "" which is the regular expression using the Golang RE2 syntax. The left side can also be a template string, e.g. specified json fields to labels. What was the actual cockpit layout and crew of the Mi-24A? Inside string replacement, $ signs are interpreted as in Expand, so for instance $1 represents the text of the first sub-match. The selector consists of one or more key-value pairs, where each key is a log tag and each value is the value of that tag. All labels are added as variables in the template engine. A stream may contain other pairs of labels and values, Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Which can be used to aggregate over distinct labels dimensions by including a without or by clause. I don't know how to write this query. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. Parser expressions parse and extract tags from log content, and these extracted tags can be used in tag filtering expressions for filtering, or for metric aggregation. The |=, |~ and ! The string type works exactly the same way as the Prometheus tag matcher is used in the log stream selector, which means you can use the same operators (=, ! Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. Those extracted labels can then be used for filtering using label filter expressions or for metric aggregations. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. The logfmt parser can be added by using | logfmt, which will advance all the keys and values from the logfmt formatted log lines. `label_values({compose_service=~$service, compose_project=~$project}, container_name)` **Which issue(s) this PR fixes**: - Automatically closes linked issue when the Pull Request is merged. First you need to install [kubernetes-event-exporter] at https://github.com/opsgenie/kubernetes-event-exporter/tree/master/deploy and the kubernetes-event- exporter logs will be printed to stdout, and then our promtail will upload the logs to Loki. Grafana Loki supports metric queries. Why? Step One Install Grafana on an EC2 Instance Launch a t2.micro EC2 instance. Signature: indent(spaces int,src string) string. To filters those errors see the pipeline errors section. (?Pre)), with each submatch extracting a different tag. Here we deploy a sample application that is a fake logger with debug, info and warning logs output to stdout. $1 is replaced with the first matching subgroup, Queries act as if they are a distributed grep to aggregate log sources. Click on Select. # If we pass both trusted profile name and trusted profile ID it should be of # the same trusted profile. Defaults to 1,000. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Set operations are only valid in the interval vector range, and currently support, LogQL supports the same comparison operators as PromQL, including. Signature: trimAll(chars string,src string) string. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? When using |~ and ! The following example shows the operation of a complete log query. For example, the following is equivalent. Metric queries extend log queries by applying a function to log query results. The log lines will be extracted and rewritten to contain only query and the requested duration. regex character matches all characters, including newlines. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support In addition, we can format the output logs according to our needs using line_format, for example, we use the query statement {app="fake-logger"} | json |is_even="true" | line_format "logs generated in {{.time}} on {{.level}}@ {{.pod}} Pod generated log {{.msg}}" to format the log output. I used a Grafana transformation which seems to work Add field from calculation Binary operation Select the query and do + 0 I then hide the original query It would be easier if we could do this in the original query though 1 Like waterdrop01 September 28, 2021, 3:39pm #9 Agreed! saada commented on Apr 8, 2022 edited A metric query for triggering the alert itself An optional log query to pass in to the message template such as { { $log := range .LogMessages }} rkonfj mentioned this issue on Dec 1, 2022 We use fluent-bit for logs processing from java application to kaffra (redpanda actually). and only include errors whose duration is above ten seconds. Email [email protected] for help. Count all the log lines within the last five minutes for the traefik namespace. Optionally the label identifier can be wrapped by a conversion function | unwrap (label_identifier), which will attempt to convert the label value from a specific format. Example of a query to print a newline per queries stored as a json array in the log line: Returns the current time in the local timezone of the Loki server. The hasPrefix and hasSuffix functions test whether a string has a given prefix or suffix. It can contain multiple predicates. We should use predefined parsers like json and logfmt whenever possible, it will be easier, and when the log line structure is unusual, you can use regexp, which allows you to use multiple parsers in the same log pipeline, which is useful when you are parsing complex logs. For example, to calculate the qps of nginx. while the results will be the same, Between two vectors, a binary arithmetic operator is applied to each entry in the left-hand side vector and its matching element in the right-hand vector. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support For example, logfmt | duration > 1m and bytes_consumed > 20MB filters the expression. =: unequal Q&A for work. For example the following template will output the value of the path label: Additionally you can also access the log line using the __line__ function and the timestamp using the __timestamp__ function. Metric queries can be used to calculate the rate of error messages or the top N log sources with the greatest quantity of logs over the last 3 hours. For details, refer to the query editor documentation. Also line_format supports mathematical functions, e.g. $ ( '.custom-widget-menu-toggle, .toggle-menu-children' ).removeClass ( 'menu-opened' ); @ismail is currently assigned the tasks to bring it to parity and remove the old Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. Other static tags, such as environment, version, etc. Querying and displaying log data from Loki is available via Explore and with the logs panel in visualizations. Literals can be any sequence of UTF-8 characters, including whitespace characters. The last example will return world world. The extracted tag keys are automatically formatted by the parser to follow the Prometheus metric name conventions (they can only contain ASCII letters and numbers, as well as underscores and colons, and cannot start with a number). Extracted label keys are automatically sanitized by all parsers, to follow Prometheus metric name convention. Here we illustrate monitoring Kubernetes events as an example. Some expressions can change the log content and their respective labels, which can then be used to further filter and process subsequent expressions or metrics queries. By default, the matching is case-sensitive and can be switched to be case-insensitive by prefixing the regular expression with (?i). Step 3: Search by the name Loki. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. For example the parser | regexp "(?P\\w+) (?P[\\w|/]+) \\((?P\\d+? bounded range of tag values, as Loki users or operators our goal should be to use as few tags as possible to store your logs. Metric queries cannot contain errors, in case errors are found during execution, Loki will return an error and appropriate status code. It returns the per-second rate of all non-timeout errors within the last minutes per host for the MySQL job and only includes errors whose duration is above ten seconds. On the top of the page, select Loki as your data source and then you can create a simple query by clicking on Log labels. The | label_format expression can rename, modify or add labels. defines the field name example. Use {host=~ ".+"} That should work always. Nested properties are flattened into label keys using the _ separator. However to select which label will be used within the aggregation, the log query must end with an unwrap expression and optionally a label filter expression to discard errors. Grafana Loki documentation LogQL: Log query language Template functions Open source Template functions The text template format used in | line_format and | label_format support the usage of functions. Each key is a log label and each value is that labels value. You can use a debug section to see what your fields extract and how the URL is interpolated. Loki stores logs, they are all text, how do you calculate them? The regular expression must contain at least one named submatch (e.g. Parses a formatted string and returns the time value it represents in the provided timezone. regexReplaceAllLiteral function returns a copy of the input string and replaces matches of the Regexp with the replacement string replacement. Defines a regular expression to evaluate on the log message and capture part of it as the value of the new field. Unwrapped ranges uses extracted labels as sample values instead of log lines. Keep log lines that have the substring error: Discard log lines that have the substring kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager: Keep log lines that contain a substring that starts with tsdb-ops and ends with io:2003. If the original embedded log lines are in a specific format, you can use unpack in combination with a json parser (or other parser). Email [email protected] for help. Return the smallest of a series of floats. Downloads. !=: not equal. A log pipeline is a set of stage expressions that are chained together and applied to the selected log streams. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The navigation in Grafana has been updated with a new design and an improved structure to make it easier for you to access the data you need. When you are. This complete query example will give results that include the string error, with a value greater than 30 sections. In a chained pipeline, the result of each command is passed as the last argument of the following command. You can use double quoted string for the template or backticks `{{.label_name}}` to avoid the need to escape special characters. Since label values are string, by default a conversion into a float (64bits) will be attempted, in case of failure the __error__ label is added to the sample. An unnamed capture appears as <_>. Java emits logs as JSON. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? The labels will be extracted as shown below. Grafana provides built-in support for Loki. To avoid these problems, dont add labels until you know you need them. How to have multiple colors with a single material on a single object? It takes as parameter a comma separated list of equality operations, enabling multiple operations at once. The expression matches the structure of a log line. Use this function to trim just the suffix from a string. The log line can be parsed with the following expression. You can use a match-all regex together with a stream you have for all your logs. Example of a query to print how many times XYZ occurs in a line: Convert a humanized byte string to bytes using go-humanize, Convert a humanized time duration to seconds using time.ParseDuration, Signature: duration_seconds(string) float64. Signature: func(a interface{}, v interface{}) int64, Signature: func(i interface{}) float64.