WebThe assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, who was the commander of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), the acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust, [1] was a coordinated operation by the Czechoslovak resistance during World War II. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. [53] Himmler named Heydrich to head the Gestapo on 22 April 1934. In 1939 Heydrich became head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Central Office), which was in charge of all security and secret police in the Third Reich. He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. Play it now! The telegram is evidence number PS-3363 from the Oswald Pohl case at the Nuremberg Trials. The daughter of a minor German aristocrat (he worked as a village schoolteacher), she joined the Nazi Party in 1929 and met Reinhard Heydrich in December 1930. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. Music was a part of Heydrich's everyday life; his father founded the Halle Conservatory of Music, Theatre, and Teaching and his mother taught piano there. WebFamily portrait of Reinhard Heydrich, his wife Lina, and their daughter Silke, all of whom sit on the floor. According to Czech historians, during the first martial law period (from 28 September 1941 until 20 January 1942), 486 people were executed. Heydrich entered into the Hamburg SS on 14 July. [75], On 27 September 1939, the SD and SiPo made up of the Gestapo and the Criminal Police, or Kripo were folded into the new Reich Security Main Office or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), which was placed under Heydrich's control. [110], When Hitler asked for a pretext for the invasion of Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Heinrich Mller masterminded a false flag plan code-named Operation Himmler. He was placed on his stomach in the back of the van and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. WebLina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). German documents suggest that Hitler intended to transfer him to German-occupied France where the French resistance was gaining ground. WebAnswer (1 of 5): From what I can recall of Heydrichs biography that I read, one of his young sons, Klaus, died during the war, as a result of a traffic accident in 1943. [137] Although Heydrich's death was employed for pro-Reich propaganda, Hitler privately blamed Heydrich for his own death, through carelessness: Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. During 1931, SS Leader Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. [113] On 21 September 1939, Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message on the "Jewish question in the occupied territory" to the chiefs of all Einsatzgruppen with instructions to round up Jewish people for placement into ghettos, called for the formation of Judenrte (Jewish councils), ordered a census, and promoted Aryanization plans for Jewish-owned businesses and farms, among other measures. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. He learned the piano and violin by the time he was six years old. [56] At Hitler's direction, Heydrich, Himmler, Gring, and Viktor Lutze drew up lists of those who should be killed, starting with seven top SA officials and including many more. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. Lutze was appointed SA's new head and it was converted into a sports and training organisation. Those associated with it or the resistance movement were tortured or executed. [153][154] Overall, at least 1,300Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. [76] The title of Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Chief of Security Police and SD) or CSSD was conferred on Heydrich on 1 October. He evaded a Soviet patrol and contacted a forward German patrol. According to Heydrich's estimate, between 4,000 and 5,000 people were arrested[94] and between 400 and 500 were executed by February 1942. Assassinated by a Czech commando squad trained in Britain in 1942, his name is still reviled to this day. We see Heydrich from his rarefied musical family origins and his ugly-duckling childhood and adolescence, to his sudden flameout as a promising [146], Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Saints Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. Heydrich labelled them "economic criminals" and "enemies of the people", which helped gain him support. 'He offered to help gain money for it, for instance, via the European Union. [114] Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops murdered more than two million people, including 1.3million Jews. With this appointment by Hitler, Himmler and his deputy, Heydrich, became two of the most powerful men in the internal administration of Germany. [24], In 1922, Heydrich joined the German Navy (Reichsmarine), taking advantage of the security, structure, and pension it offered. He became a naval cadet at Kiel, Germany's primary naval base. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. Webby Reinhard_Heydrich_ The Golden King of the Monsters (Male Reader HSDxD AGK FT) Table of contents. Both Heydrich and Heydrich's firstborn son, Klaus, died within the year. [18], In 1918, World War I ended with Germany's defeat. [69] In February 1938 when the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg resisted Hitler's proposed merger with Germany, Heydrich intensified the pressure on Austria by organising Nazi demonstrations and distributing propaganda in Vienna emphasising the common Germanic blood of the two countries. Thousands have signed an internet petition opposing having anything to do with his offer. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Heydrich was appointed chief of the political department of the Munich police force, and he helped bring the political police forces throughout Germany under Himmlers control. The Gestapo was considered to be acting legally as long as it was carrying out the leadership's will. WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. The material was delivered to the NKVD. [17] However, the family maintained cordial relations with the Jewish community; many Jewish students attended the Halle Conservatory, and its cellar was rented out to a Jewish salesman. We had to deal with expelling immigrants and traitors. Heydrich used equipment confiscated from the Czech gymnastics organisation Sokol to organise events for workers. [13] The family lived there until April 1945 when they, along with many other Germans left the area to flee the advancing Soviet Red Army. Reinhard passed away on June 4 1942, at age 38 in Prague. Lina Mathilde Manninen (ne von Osten, formerly Heydrich; 14 June 1911 14 August 1985) was the wife of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office and a central figure in Nazi Germany. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective [95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. Lina's older brother Hans had joined the Nazi Party and was a member of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Gestapo officials retaliated for his death by executing hundreds of Czechs and wiping out the entire village of Lidice. WebI fondamenti ideologici Heinrich Himmler in uniforme da Reichsfhrer-SS. Reinhard heydrich wikipedie. But the director of the Lidice memorial, Milous Cervencl, is not opposed to the castle being restored. In response, Hitler authorised the destruction of the towns Lidice and Lezaky - including the killing of all the men and transporting of women and children to concentration camps. Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. Do not sell or share my personal information. [90] He viewed the area as a bulwark of Germandom and condemned the Czech resistance's "stabs in the back". They were born into a wealthy and cultured household. [101] More than 100,000 workers were removed from "unsuitable" jobs and conscripted by the Ministry of Labour. Heydrich not only felt he could no longer be a member, but came to consider the church's political power and influence a danger to the state. In 1926 he advanced to the rank of ensign (Leutnant zur See) and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein, the flagship of Germany's North Sea Fleet. [102], The Czech workforce was exploited as Nazi-conscripted labour. [79] The Great Purge of the Red Army followed on Stalin's orders. WebIn The Hangman and His Wife, Nancy Dougherty, and, following her death, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, masterfully explore who Heydrich was and how he came to be, and how he came to do what he did. His aircraft was hit by Russian flak in action near the Dniester on 22 July, and he had to land the plane in enemy territory. [2][3], On 6 December 1930, aged 19, she attended a rowing-club ball in Kiel and met then Naval Lieutenant Heydrich there. Heydrich was the lead speaker. [94] Czech prime minister Alois Eli was among those arrested the first day. He excelled in his schoolwork at the secular "Reformgymnasium", especially in the sciences. Acting on the advice of his associate Karl von Eberstein, a friend of the Heydrich family, Himmler agreed to interview Heydrich, but cancelled their appointment at the last minute. Heydrich sent a telegram that night to various SD and Gestapo offices, helping to coordinate the pogrom with the SS, SD, Gestapo, uniformed police (Orpo), SA, Nazi party officials, and even the fire departments. [41] Heydrich later received a Totenkopfring from Himmler for his SS service. [7] He returned to Hamburg with the good news. By December 1941, Czechs could be called to work anywhere within the Reich. [63] Himmler immediately reorganised the police into two groups: the Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo), consisting of both the national uniformed police and the municipal police, and the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo), consisting of the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police; Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo). [20] Heydrich began to form positive opinions about the Vlkisch movement and anti-communism, as well as a distaste for the Treaty of Versailles and the positioning of the German-Polish border. [68] He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion. Heydrichs father, who directed a musical conservatory and sang Wagnerian roles in the opera, exposed his son to the cult of Richard Wagner, and his mother was a stern disciplinarian; the family was falsely suspected of partial Jewish ancestry. [140] Nevertheless, on 16 December 2019, the BBC reported that Heydrich's unmarked grave had been opened by unknown persons, without anything being taken. She kept several dozen prisoners at the estate for forced labour. Bohemia and Moravia faced annexation directly into the German Reich. Heydrich made an emergency landing behind enemy lines. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. WebTop Image: Entrance to the Memorial and Educational Site-House of the Wannsee Conference. Heydrich also organized the Einsatzgruppen (deployment groups), mobile killing squads that murdered almost one million Soviet and Polish Jews in German-occupied territories. [141] A photograph of Heydrich's burial shows the wreaths and mourners to be in section A, which abuts the north wall of the Invalidenfriedhof and Scharnhorststrae, at the front of the cemetery. Soon after a chance introduction to Himmler, Heydrich was entrusted with the organization of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service), the intelligence and surveillance arm of the SS. He was also a major in the Luftwaffe, flying nearly 100 combat missions until 22 July 1941, when his plane was hit by Soviet anti-aircraft fire. Heydrich reinhard tristan encyclopedia. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. Edit your search or learn more. Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on iTunes. The two wed on 26 December 1931 and had four children. Himmler gave the eulogy. In December 1930 he attended a rowing-club ball and met Lina von Osten. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. WebNazi German official Reinhard Heydrich was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the paramilitary corps known as the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), or SS. [143] The couple had four children: Klaus, born in 1933, killed in a traffic accident in 1943; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. Stalin ordered one of his best NKVD agents, General Nikolai Skoblin, to pass Heydrich false information suggesting that Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and other Soviet generals were plotting against Stalin. [1] After World War II ended, she published a memoir in 1976. The Reich Protector, Konstantin von Neurath, remained the territory's titular head, but was sent on "leave" because Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt his "soft approach" to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. [104], By 3 October 1941, Czechoslovak military intelligence in London had made the decision to kill Heydrich.[105][106]. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. He was ambushed by a team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to kill the Reich-Protector; the team was trained by the British Special Operations Executive. He led a brutal regime against the people, executing and arresting thousands and sending many to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. Courtesy of Stephen and Irene Parris. WebReinhard Heydrich was born on March 7 1904, in Halle, to Richard Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth Krantz. [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. This was largely symbolic, as Heydrich was too young for military service. Both villages were razed; the men and boys age 14 and above were shot and most of the women and children were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. Halle was not spared. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). Eventually they married for the purpose of changing her Reinhard Heydrich nel 1940.. L'ideologia delle SS fu costruita e plasmata in base all'ideologia nazista: il punto focale fu la teoria della razza nordica superiore e dell'inferiorit delle altre razze. The decision by Heider Heydrich, his son, to help rebuild the dilapidated castle in Panenske Brezany, near Prague, where he once lived has provoked fury. The following year, Heydrich's SD was given responsibility for carrying out the Nacht und Nebel (Night-and-Fog) decree. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Rhm was shot without trial, along with the leadership of the SA. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. On 30 June 1934 the SS and Gestapo acted in coordinated mass arrests that continued for two days. [83] According to the decree, "persons endangering German security" were to be arrested in a maximally discreet way: "under the cover of night and fog". [99], As Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich applied carrot-and-stick methods. Those who worked Heydrich feared him, as did those who were unfortunate enough to be under his control. She further won the right to receive a pension as the result of a series of court cases against the West German government in 1956 and 1959. [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. Acting on the advice of his associate Karl von Eberstein, who was Lina's friend and Heydrich's godbrother, Himmler agreed to interview Heydrich, but cancelled their appointment at the last minute. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Final Solution.. Klaus died as a result of a traffic accident on 24 October 1943. In the WVHA "Central Inmate File", as in many camp files, these prisoners would be given a special "covert prisoner" code, as opposed to the code for POW, Felon, Jew, Gypsy, etc. [72] The Wannsee Villa, which the Stiftung Nordhav acquired in November 1940,[73] was the site of the Wannsee Conference (20 January 1942). [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. [52], Himmler began developing the notion of a Germanic religion and wanted SS members to leave the church. [16] Manninen died in September 1969. [9] He and Lina wed at a small church in Groenbrode on 26 December 1931. He chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin which signed off the campaign against Jews. The years 1933, 34, 35, 36 were filled with work and innumerable startup problems. Hitler's personal doctor Theodor Morell suggested the use of the new antibacterial drug sulfonamide, but Gebhardt thought that Heydrich would recover and declined the suggestion. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. After an elaborate funeral held in Prague on 7 June 1942, Heydrich's coffin was placed on a train to Berlin, where a second ceremony was held in the new Reich Chancellery on 9 June. He combined repressive measures and mass executions with an attempt to mollify Czech peasants and workers by improving social and economic conditions. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. He said: 'I don't have a problem. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.[134]. There is no evidence that he participated in the fighting, and when the skirmishes ended, he was part of the force assigned to protect private property. WebEberstein played a part in the first meeting of the two major leaders of both the SS and later the Holocaust: Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler. [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. Monster: Reinhard Heydrich was the head of the dreaded SS security section and the 'protector' of Czechoslovakia. [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". [127] To get from his home to the airport, Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge.